148 Preimage

A preimage is the set of domain elements sent into a given subset that is used in the open-set definition of continuity.

Definition (Preimage) A subset of the domain of a function,

\[ f^{-1}(Y_{subset}) \subseteq X, \]

where the following condition applies:

  • \(f^{-1}(Y_{subset}) = \{x \in X : f(x) \in Y_{subset}\}\).

where

  • \(f : X \rightarrow Y\) is a function.
  • \(X\) is the domain of \(f\).
  • \(Y\) is the codomain of \(f\).
  • \(Y_{subset} \subseteq Y\).

148.1 Elementary Example

148.1.1 Simple

The preimage of a subset is the set of domain points sent into that subset.

\[ f : X \rightarrow Y \]

\[ X = \{ 1,\ 2,\ 3 \},\quad Y = \{ a,\ b,\ c \} \]

\[ f(1) = a,\quad f(2) = b,\quad f(3) = a \]

\[ f^{-1}(\{a\}) = \{ 1,\ 3 \} \]

where

  • \(f^{-1}(\{a\})\) is the preimage of \(\{a\}\).
  • \(f\) is the function.

148.1.2 General

Preimages of larger subsets collect all inputs hitting any member.

\[ X = \{ 1,\ 2,\ 3,\ 4 \},\quad Y = \{ a,\ b,\ c \} \]

\[ f(1)=a,\ f(2)=b,\ f(3)=a,\ f(4)=c \]

\[ f^{-1}(\{a,c\}) = \{ 1,\ 3,\ 4 \} \]

where

  • \(f^{-1}(Y_{0}) = \{ x \in X : f(x) \in Y_{0} \}\).