292 Stokes’ Theorem Physics
Stokes’ theorem relates the circulation of a vector field \(\mathbf{A}\) around a closed path \(L\) to the surface integral of its curl over an open surface \(S\) bounded by \(L\) [1]:.
\[ \int_S (\nabla \times \mathbf{A}) \cdot d\mathbf{S} = \oint_L \mathbf{A} \cdot d\mathbf{l}\]
where
: \(d\mathbf{S}\) is the surface element vector [1]. * The orientation follows the Right-Hand Rule [2].