212 Smooth Curve

A curve whose derivative is continuous and never the zero vector that is used to define a unique tangent direction along the path.

definition [d] (Smooth Curve = Regular Curve) A curve with a parametrization \(\mathbf{r}(t)\) on an interval \(I\) such that

  • \(\dfrac{d\mathbf{r}}{dt}\) is continuous on \(I\) .
  • \(\dfrac{d\mathbf{r}}{dt}(t) \neq \mathbf{0}\) for all \(t \in I\) except possibly at the endpoints.

where

  • \(\mathbf{r}(t)\) is the position vector of the curve.
  • \(\dfrac{d\mathbf{r}}{dt}(t)\) is the tangent vector.
  • \(t\) is the parameter.
  • \(I\) is the parameter interval.
  • \(\mathbf{0}\) is the zero vector.

Note:

  • \(\dfrac{d\mathbf{r}}{dt}(t)\) is also called the velocity vector.
  • geometrically there are no sharp corners.
  • geometrically there are no cusps.
  • the tangent turns continuously.

212.1 References

  1. Stewart, J. Calculus. — smooth parametrization: \(\dfrac{d\mathbf{r}}{dt}\) continuous and \(\dfrac{d\mathbf{r}}{dt}(t)\neq\mathbf{0}\).
  2. do Carmo, M. P. Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces. — regular curve with \(\dfrac{d\alpha}{dt}(t)\neq 0\).